問題詳情

Dr. Heidi Memmel understands exactly why Angelina Jolie opted to have a preventive double mastectomy. For a carrierof mutation (a gene which Jolie carries), the risk of developing cancer is as high as 80 to 85 percent, according to Memmel, abreast surgeon and co-medical director of Advocate Lutheran General Hospital's Caldwell Breast Center in Park Ridge. Thesurgery reduced Jolie's risk to about 5 percent, she said.Memmel, who was diagnosed with breast cancer herself at age 36 and has been a survivor for nearly eight years, wassurprised when Jolie made the announcement. “I was really very impressed,” she said, adding that not only did Jolie have thecourage and foresight to have genetic testing done and make the decision to have a preventative double mastectomy, she alsodid a third very important thing: she chose to share the news with the public. Because she's such a celebrity, Memmel hopesthat will encourage women with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer to have genetic testing.“I see a common misperception about genetic testing,” Memmel said. “People fear it because they think it's a ticking timebomb or else they will be discriminated against (for carrying a faulty gene).” Neither is true, she said. Instead, doctors can givewomen who carry the gene more testing, such as an annual MRI in addition to the annual mammogram other women get (afterage 40). Doctors can also give women options, such as medication or preventive mastectomy or preventive ovarian removal.“Ovarian cancer is difficult to detect at an early stage,” she said. Jolie's mother died at age 56 from ovarian cancer,according to NBCnews.com.Memmel said the Caldwell Breast Center offers women consultations with a medical oncologist or surgeon. The doctorscan determine if genetic testing is called for, she said. Women who undergo preventive mastectomy usually have immediatereconstructive surgery, and most surgeries today are a skin-saving or nipple-saving procedure that allows for good cosmeticresults, Memmel said. Doctors can reconstruct breasts either by using silicone or saline implants, or by taking tissue from theabdominal area, if a woman has enough fat there. “She (Jolie) probably didn't have that done; she looks like a pretty skinnylady,” Memmel said jokingly.Women who choose preventive mastectomy may be heartened to know they can choose the size of the reconstructedbreasts. They can be smaller, the same or bigger than the original breasts.
51. News about Angelina Jolie’s recent surgery was _____.
(A) made public by the actress herself
(B) released by the Caldwell Breast Center
(C) publicized without Jolie’s prior knowledge
(D) sold to NBCnews.com. by professional paparazzi
(E) spread by a celebrated cancer specialist

參考答案

答案：A
難度：適中0.5
統計：A(2),B(0),C(0),D(1),E(0)

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