問題詳情

II.For many centuries, the question of how our minds work was left to theologians andphilosophers. But at the beginning of the twentieth century, a new science,experimental psychology emerged, in which the speculative theories of the past wereconfirmed or disproved by the scientific method. At the forefront of this research wasJ B Watson. His area of interest was the origin of human emotions. Do we learn them,or do we have them when we are born? In particular, Watson wanted to study fear,and was prepared to go to whatever lengths to study his theory. Watson’s subject was a 9 month old infant, Albert. During the experiment, Watsonpresented the child with things which are often considered frightening – a rat, fire, aclown mask. At first, Albert was unafraid of these things. But then Watson tormentedthe child with loud, unexpected noises as he was playing with them. Sure enough,Albert learnt to associate these things with the unpleasant experience. Even when thenoises were stopped, Albert withdrew his body and puckered his face when presentedonce more with the rat and mask. Such abusive and disturbing experiments would never be permitted nowadays. Thefilm which Watson made of the experiment makes discomforting viewing, as the childis interminably and cold-heartedly tortured by the items which he has been taught tofear. Nonetheless, this was a landmark work with profound influence. Through it,Watson confirmed that humans learn fear by association, and as a result they can‘un-learn’ it, a discovery that still impacts the work of behavioural therapists today.
47. What did Watson set out to prove?
(A)Humans can be conditioned to fear anything
(B)Children are unafraid of potentially dangerous things
(C)Humans are born with all their emotions
(D)Children are more afraid of loud noises than rats and masks

參考答案

答案：A
難度：簡單0.733333
統計：A(11),B(2),C(2),D(0),E(0)

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