問題詳情

Questions 39-40The word placebo refers to a fake medication, one that contains no active ingredients, or a medicalprocedure that patients believe will help them and then, as a result of that expectation, it does. 39If a pill, for example, looks like a genuine medicine, the person taking it is likely to believe it containsmedicine. It has also been found that patients think larger pills contain larger doses of medicine, andthus must be more effective. Similarly, it has been demonstrated that taking two pills has a greatertherapeutic effect than taking only one.In a similar manner, the nocebo effect is based on the power of suggestion or expectation. If apatient has been told that a medication is likely to cause an unfavorable side effect such as dizzinessor headache, he or she is more likely to experience one. It can present doctors with an ethical dilemma.40 Doctors therefore wonder if they should inform patients of these rare occurrences, knowing thepower of suggestion could interfere with the more likely positive effects of a necessary medication,depriving patients of an effective treatment.
(A) What are the implications of its effects for medical practice?
(B) An important determiner of its effectiveness is the doctor-patient relationship.
(C) When given a non-alcoholic beverage that subjects were told was beer, they believed andacted as if they were drunk.
(D) Adverse reactions to particular medications are typically experienced by a very smallpercentage of patients.
(E) It has been shown repeatedly that certain factors increase its effectiveness.
39.

參考答案

答案：E
難度：適中0.5
統計：A(0),B(0),C(0),D(0),E(0)

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