問題詳情

Questions 31-35Imagine storing digital data in DNA, wearing a device that makes you smarter or creating newmaterials by manipulating the genes of microbes. 31 “The machine finds stuff in biology that ahuman would never find,” Joshua Hoffman, co-founder and chief executive officer of Zymergen, said.32 “We use automation and machine learning to engineer microbes, little single-cell creaturesto turn them into the chemical factories of the future,” Hoffman said. “What we’re doing is we’researching the genome for the things that might work. What machine learning does is it looks forpatterns that a human wouldn’t find in ways that are more likely than not to have the genetic changesin the genome that are going to have the impact, the trait that we want.” He said what takes humansyears to discover, computers can do in just months. 33 “We can work to increase the effectivenessof crop protection agents such as herbicides, fungicides, those sorts of things. We can reduce thetoxicity of agents that seem to work but actually cause other kinds of problems,” Hoffman added.Instead of enhancing microbes, theoretical neuroscientist Vivienne Ming spoke extensively aboutimproving the human brain. “What I’m interested in is cognitive prosthetics. Can I literally jamsomething in your brain and make you smarter?” asked Ming, who founded the think tank Socos Labs.“How much you can think about, pay attention to, mentally operate on at any given moment—we’veactually found that we can increase that by about 15 percent,” she said. 34 Ming said oneapplication for improving cognition is to level the playing field for underprivileged children. “Forthat hour that they may be spending in a remedial class, we might actually be able to use thattechnology that brings them right back up with the rest of the kids,” she added. 35
(A) Laboratories around the world are already conducting research on different types ofexternal noninvasive brain stimulation for autism, to treat depression and to improve thebrain’s cognitive abilities.
(B) These ideas may sound like science fiction, but scientists are working on technologies thatcombine what they know about biology and altering it with the help of artificialintelligence.
(C) In a world with artificial intelligence, enhancing cognition is one way for humans tocompete with machines.
(D) Zymergen uses computers to design experiments that manipulate the genes of microbes sothe chemicals they produce can make stronger or better materials.
(E) The bulk of Zymergen’s work is with the chemicals and materials industry as well as withagricultural companies.
31.

參考答案

答案：B
難度：適中0.5
統計：A(0),B(0),C(0),D(0),E(0)

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