二、文意選填：20% (每題 1 分)1~10 題 (請以代號作答，一個選項限用一次) The Obama administration released a "Testing Action Plan" outlining new principles for assessing students. In a three-minute video, President Obama announced that “unnecessary testing” is “consuming too much 1 time” and creating “undue stress for educators and students.” He has vowed to put the US school testing system on the right track. Rarely has a president so thoroughly 2 such a defining aspect of his own public education policy. Obama cracked jokes about how silly it is to over-test students, and recalled that the teachers who had the most influence on his life were not the ones who prepared him best for his standardized tests.      Obama’s statement comes in the wake of yet another study revealing the 3 number of standardized tests children are forced to take. On average, students in the nation’s big-city schools are 4 to approximately 112 standardized tests between pre-kindergarten and high school graduation — eight tests a year. In eighth grade, when tests fall most heavily, they consume an average of 20 to 25 hours, or 2.3 percent of school time. Further, the highest 5 of these tests are in schools serving low-income students and students of color.        Obama’s 6 to reverse the trend has been received differently in the educational communities. Two major teacher unions 7 the Obama administration's announcement. "It's a big deal that the president and the secretaries of education are saying that they get it and are promising to address the testing problem in 8 ways," said Randi Weingarten, president of the American Federation of Teachers. But she added, "the devil is in the details."      Some who agreed that testing has run 9 also urged the administration not to throw out the baby with the bath water, saying tests can be a powerful tool for schools to identify weaknesses and direct resources. They worried that the cap on time spent testing — which the administration said it would ask Congress to enshrine in legislation — would only 10 schools in more federal regulations and questions of what exactly counts as a test. 
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