問題詳情

閱讀測驗21-30：When animals attack one another, they engage in the most obvious example of aggressive behavior. Psychologists have adopted several approaches to understanding aggressive behavior in people.The Pshchodynamic Approach. Theorists adopting the pshchodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial for an insight into human behavior, including aggression. Sigmund Freud, for instance, believed that aggressive impulses are inevitable reactions to the frustrations of daily life. Children normally desire to vent impulses on other people, including their parents, because even the most attentive parents cannot gratify all of their demands immediately. Yet children, also fearing their parents’ punishment and the loss of parental love, come to repress most aggressive impulses. The Freudian perspective, in a sense, sees us as “steam engines.” By holding in rather than venting “steam,” we set the stage for future explosions. Pent-up aggressive impulses demand outlets. They may be expressed toward parents in indirect ways such as destroying furniture, or they may be expressed toward strangers later in life.The Cognitive Approach. Cognitive psychologists maintain that our behavior is influenced by our values, by the ways in which we interpret our situations, and by choice. For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified – as during wartime – are likely to act aggressively, while people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust or unjustified are less likely to behave aggressively.One cognitive theory suggests that aggravating and painful events trigger unpleasant feelings, which in turn can result in aggressive action, but not automatically. Cognitive factors intervene. People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of such factors as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people’s motives. Supporting evidence comes from research indicating that aggressive people often distort others’ motives. For example, they assume people mean them harm when they do not.
（ ） Freud believed that children experience conflict between a desire to vent aggression on their parents and _____.
(A) a frustration that their parents do not give them everything they want
(B) a fear that their parents will punish them and stop loving them
(C) a perplexity that they don’t know how to satisfy their parents
(D) a desire to show their best to their parents

參考答案

答案：B
難度：簡單0.72
統計：A(3),B(18),C(1),D(3),E(0)

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