問題詳情

II. 克漏字選擇 10%To coerce a man is to deprive him of freedom - freedom from what? Almost every moralistin human history has praised freedom. Like happiness and goodness, like nature and reality, it isa term whose meaning is so __ (21)__ that there is little interpretation that it seems able to resist.I do not propose to discuss either the history of this protean word or the more than two hundredsenses of it recorded by historians of ideas. Instead, I propose to answer a core question: what isthe area within which the subject - a person or group of persons - is or should be left to do or bewhat he is able to do or be, without interference by other persons?I am normally said to be free to the degree to which no man or body of men interferes withmy activity. Political liberty in this sense is simply the area within which a man can act~ 2 ~unobstructed by others. If I am prevented by others from doing what I could otherwise do, I amto that degree unfree; and if this area is contracted by other men beyond a certain minimum, Ican be described as being coerced, or, it may be, enslaved. Coercion is not, however, a term thatcovers every form of inability. If I say that I am unable to jump more than ten feet in the air, orcannot read because I am blind, or cannot understand the darker pages of Hegel, it would beeccentric to say that I am to that degree enslaved or coerced. Coercion implies the deliberateinterference of other human beings within the area in which I could otherwise act. You lackpolitical liberty or freedom only if you are prevented from attaining a goal by human beings.__(22)___ incapacity to attain a goal is not lack of political freedom. This is brought out by theuse of such modern expressions as “economic freedom” and its counterpart, “economicslavery.” It is argued, very plausibly, that if a man is too poor to afford something___ (23)___ there is no legal ban - a loaf of bread, a journey round the world, recourse to thelaw courts - he is as little free to have it as he would be if it were forbidden him by law. If mypoverty were a kind of disease which prevented me from buying bread, or paying for thejourney round the world or getting my case heard, as lameness prevents me from running, thisinability would not naturally be described as a lack of freedom, least of all political freedom. Itis only because I believe that my inability to get a given thing is due to the fact that other humanbeings have made arrangements whereby I am, whereas others are not, prevented from havingenough money with which to pay for it, that I think myself a victim of coercion or slavery.___(24)____, this use of the term depends on a particular social and economic theory about thecauses of my poverty or weakness. If my lack of material means is due to my lack of mental orphysical capacity, then I begin to speak of being deprived of freedom (and not simply aboutpoverty) only if I accept the theory. If, in addition, I believe that I ___(25)____ in want by aspecific arrangement which I consider unjust or unfair, I speak of economic slavery oroppression. The nature of things does not madden us, only ill will does, said Rousseau. Thecriterion of oppression is the part that I believe to be played by other human beings, directly orindirectly, with or without the intention of doing so, in frustrating my wishes. By being free inthis sense I mean not being interfered with by others. The wider the area of non-interference is,the wider my freedom is.
21.
(A) rigid
(B) porous
(C) tenacious
(D) askew

參考答案

答案：B
難度：困難0.259259
統計：A(5),B(7),C(12),D(1),E(0)

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