問題詳情

Questions 56-60   In the 1950s, structural linguistics had developed in part as a reaction to traditional grammar. Thescientific approach to the study of language was thought to consist of collecting examples of whatspeakers said and analyzing them according to different levels of structural organization rather thanaccording to categories of Latin grammar. A sophisticated methodology for collecting and analyzing datadeveloped, which involved transcribing spoken utterances in a language phonetically and later workingout the phonemic, morphological and syntactic systems underlying the grammar of the language.Language was viewed as a system of structurally related elements for the encoding of meaning, theelements being phonemes, morphemes, words, structures, and sentence types. The term structuralreferred to these characteristics: (a) Elements in a language were thought of as being linearly produced in a rule-governed way. (b) Language samples could be exhaustively described at any structural level ofdescription. (c) Linguistic levels were thought of as systems within systems—that is, as beingpyramidally structured; phonemic systems led to morphemic systems, and these in turn led to the higherlevelsystems of phrases, clauses and sentences.    Learning a language, it was assumed, entails mastering the elements of building blocks of thelanguage and learning the rules by which these elements are combined, from phoneme to morpheme toword to phrase to sentence. The phonological system defines those sound elements that contrastmeaningfully with one another in the language, their phonetic realizations in specific environments, andtheir permissible sequences. The phonological and grammatical systems of the language constitute theorganization of language and by implication the units of production and comprehension. The grammaticalsystem consists of a listing of grammatical elements and rules for their linear combination into words,phrases, and sentences. Rule-ordered processes involve addition, deletion, and transposition of elements.
56. What is the primary purpose of this passage?
(A) To explain an approach to language study
(B) To introduce a theory of language learning
(C) To give an example of language elements
(D) To illustrate a method of analyzing spoken utterances

參考答案

答案：A
難度：適中0.5
統計：A(0),B(0),C(0),D(0),E(0)

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