問題詳情

第二篇：Are we naturally good? That is, are we more likely to act cooperatively, to help others even when it costs us? Or arewe, in our hearts, selfish creatures? A new set of studies provides data allowing us to analyze human nature through theclear lens of science. These studies were carried out by a group of researchers interested in the essential question: whetherour first instinct is to act selfishly or cooperatively.There are two processes that can explain our decisions and behaviors: intuition and reflection. Intuition is oftenautomatic and effortless, leading to actions that occur without looking into the reasons behind them. Reflection, on theother hand, is all about conscious thought—identifying possible behaviors, considering the costs and benefits of possibleoutcomes, and rationally deciding on a course of action.To answer the question of whether selfishness or cooperation is the product of rational reflection, the researchersfirst took advantage of a difference between intuition and reflection: intuitive processes operate quickly, whereasreflective processes operate relatively slowly. The behavior people exhibit when they act quickly is likely to be theintuitive response, and it is the response most likely to be consistent with basic human nature.Experiments were done with a total of 834 people. Each experiment consisted of group-based financialdecision-making tasks and required people to choose between acting selfishly—to maximize individual benefits at thecost of the group—or cooperatively—to maximize group benefits at the cost of the individual. The results were striking:in every single experiment, faster—that is, more intuitive—decisions were associated with higher levels of cooperation,whereas slower—that is, more reflective—decisions were associated with higher levels of selfishness. These resultssuggest that our first impulse is to cooperate, and that we are fundamentally good creatures after all.(46-48 題為單選選擇題；49-50 題為複選題）
46. What is the passage mainly about?
(A)The process of making financial decisions
(B) Whether human nature is good or bad
(C) How cooperation is better than selfishness
(D) What kind of people can answer the essential question

參考答案

答案：B
難度：簡單0.71831
統計：A(21),B(204),C(48),D(11),E(0)

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