問題詳情

To be a tourist is one of the characteristics of the “modern” experience. Not to “go away” is like notpossessing a car or a nice house. It is a marker of status in modern societies and is also thought to be necessary tohealth. 47 In Imperial Rome, for example, a fairly extensive pattern of travel for pleasure and culture existed forthe elite.In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, pilgrimages had become a widespread phenomenon practicable andsystematized, served by a growing industry of networks of charitable hospices and mass-produced indulgencehandbooks. Such pilgrimages often included a mixture of religious devotion and culture and pleasure. The GrandTour had become firmly established by the end of the seventeenth century for the sons of the aristocracy and thegentry, and by the late eighteenth century for the sons of the professional middle class. 48 There was avisualization of the travel experience, or the development of the gaze, aided and assisted by the growth ofguidebooks which promoted new ways of seeing.The eighteenth century had also seen the development of a considerable tourist infrastructure in the form ofspa towns throughout much of Europe. The whole apparatus of spa life was designed to provide a concentratedurban experience of frenetic socializing for a dispersed rural elite. 49 In the countryside work and play wereparticularly intertwined in the case of fairs. People would often travel considerable distances and the fairs alwaysinvolved a mixture of business and pleasure normally centered around the tavern. But before the nineteenthcentury few people outside the upper classes traveled anywhere to see objects for reasons unconnected with workor business. 50 Travel is now thought to occupy 40 percent of available “free time.” It is a crucial element ofmodern life to feel that travel and holidays are necessary.
47
(A)This is not to suggest that there was no organized travel in premodern societies, but it was very much thepreserve of the elite.
(B)And it is this which is the central characteristic of mass tourism in modern societies.
(C)There have always been periods in which much of the mass of the population have engaged in play orrecreation.
(D)But people in premodern societies already had the idea of traveling to demonstrate their power andwealth.

參考答案

答案：A
難度：困難0.375
統計：A(3),B(1),C(2),D(2),E(0)

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