(2)

   After nearly half a century 41 the wheel, most elderly motorists in Japan are notready to stop driving. Even horror stories of pile-ups involving elderly drivers do not 42these people. More than five million drivers in Japan are aged 75 or older and a million more will beon the roads by 2021. Unnerved, the police are trying to 43 many out of their cars. Over-75sare twice as likely to cause a fatal accident as younger drivers. Nearly half of older drivers who causedfatal accidents have signs of cognitive 44 . Nevertheless, it is quite common that they have resisted their family’s pleas to hand over the keys and such 45 is understandable. Thesemotorists now in their mid-70s were born after the war and helped drive Japan’s economic rebirth.Many have never had an accident and 46 being cast aside. Now, several measures are takenfor prevention. For starters, it is 47 that over-75s renewing their licenses must take cognitivetests to screen for dementia. They are also required to take tests after 48 violations, such asignoring road signs. Besides, it would also like to limit elderly drivers to cars with automatic brakingsystems. Nagging families may be more effective. More and more over-75s 49 theirlicenses each year and some organizations publish a checklist for elderly drivers, aimed at getting themto 50 their responses themselves.