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IV. 文意選填 20% (2% for each) (請答案為句首，請視為大寫)    Often called “rainforests of the sea,” coral reefs provide a home for 25% of all species in the ocean. They are stony structures full of dark hideaways __41__ fish and sea animals can lay their eggs and escape __42__ predators. Without these underwater “apartment houses,” there would be fewer fish in the ocean. Some species might even become __43__ or disappear completely.    There are thousands of reefs in the world; sadly, however, they are now in serious danger. More than one-third are in such bad shape that they could die within ten years. Many might not even last that long! Scientists are working hard to find out what __44__ this destruction. There are still a lot of questions unanswered, but three main causes have been identified.    The first cause is pollution on land. The pollutants run with rainwater into rivers and streams, which carry the poisons into the ocean. Chemicals from the poisons kill reefs or make them weak, so they have less __45__ to diseases.    Global warming is __46__ reason. Higher ocean temperatures kill the important food source for the coral—the algae, the tiny greenish-gold water plants that live on coral. When the algae die, the coral loses its color and it also dies __47__. This process, __48__ “coral bleaching,” has happened more and more frequently in recent years.    The last factor contributing to the disappearance of coral reefs is people. People sometimes crash into reefs with their boats or drop anchors on them, breaking off large chunks of coral. Divers who walk on reefs can also do serious damage. __49__, some people even break coral off to collect for souvenirs since it is so colorful and pretty.    How can we help the reefs? We need to learn more about them and work together to stop the activities that may __50__ their existence. 
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