問題詳情

II. Insertion: 10%, 1% each     Confucianism, despite its having a formidable defender in Xunzi, was seriously challenged by theDaoists. In the Analects Confucius is reported to have encountered ascetics, such as the Madman from Chu,who urged him to 1 his social responsibility, sever relationships with the human community, andabandon the world. Since the disintegration of the political system, like the torrential flood sweeping theentire world, could not be stopped, any attempt to change the inevitable process of history would be anexercise in 2 . What the 3 proposed was in fact a course of action advocated by virtually all majorethico-religious traditions: to cultivate a spiritual sanctuary outside the lived world here and now. TheChristian kingdom of God or the Buddhist “other shore” are exemplifications of this universaltranscendental breakthrough. Confucius’ existential choice to try to repossess the Way by working throughthe human community as it was constituted represents 4 .     The Daoist diagnostic reading of the situation was not at variance with the Confucians’, but theirapproach was radically different. Laozi opted for a fundamental re-examination of the value system whichwas thought to have sustained the human community. He questioned not only the unintended negativeconsequences of humanism, but also the reasons underlying great humanist ideas such as humanity andrightness. He believed that not only does power corrupt, but even the most refined culture corrupts the truenature of being human. 5 in all positive values is a self-destructive mechanism. Yet Laozi was neithercynical nor 6 . He directed our attention to nature, the cosmic process, Dao. He invited us to transcendmental 7 , to resist verbalizing the Dao through conceptualization, and rather to see, listen, andexperience it.     Laozi created a new 8 strategy to evoke the ineffable Dao. It cannot be talked about, but since itis omnipresent, it can be directly experienced. The grammar of action, or in Daoist terms non-action,employs seemingly negative values—weakness, lowliness, yieldness, backwardness, retreat, perplexity,submission, ugliness and feebleness—to depict the subtle, 9 functions of the Dao. Images of water,valley, ravine, baby, womb, clay and the uncarved block give the impression that the Dao as primordialityis 10 and inexhaustibly potent. The art of living is to emulate those natural processes that areconsistent, steady, and enduring. A precondition for such a way of life is the spiritual discipline to transformour body into a vehicle of the Dao.(AB) abdicate (AC) anomaly (AD) apparatuses (AE) denounce (BC) fecund (BD) futility(BE) grunge (CD) hermits (CE) incipient (DE) inherent (ABC) linguistic (ABD) relativistic
1

參考答案

答案：A,B
難度：適中0.5
統計：A(0),B(0),C(0),D(0),E(0)

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