問題詳情

Questions 47-50Economics is the systematic study of three areas of human activity: production, exchange, and consumption. The natureand magnitude of these activities and their implications for individual and social welfare constitute the focus of economicsand the policies that economists make.The basic objective of all economic activity is to achieve the highest possible level of consumption of goods andservices that is compatible with the supply of human and material resources available to produce them. When human andmaterial resources are scarce, the mechanism of price is used to control demand. Choice, therefore, is the essence ofeconomic decision making.【第 4 頁共 5 頁】103 學年度南臺灣國民中學教師甄選命題策略聯盟筆試試題專門科目-英語The choice process occurs both at the level of the household and at that of the business firm. Households that are free toexercise their choices in the marketplace are assumed to behave in a manner that will yield maximum satisfaction or utility.The essence of rational behavior for a household is to spend its income on those items or services which will provide thegreatest possible utility. Such choices act as signals to business about consumers’ preferences.Rational behavior in the business sector implies that firms direct their efforts toward maximizing profits. To do this theymust, first, be responsive to the demands of the household sector for goods and services, and, second, combine the labor andmaterial resources they employ in such a way as to minimize their production costs. This is the essence of efficientproduction.Inquiry into the nature and results of the choices that households and business firms make is the concern ofmicroeconomic analysis, the focus of which is the behavior of the individuals, organizations, and institutions in the economy.However, the study of the behavior of households and business firms is only one part of economic analysis. The otherpart is the study of the behavior of economic aggregates – macroeconomics. The results of economic performance can bemeasured in terms of production and income. Chief among the “yardsticks” that measure the economy’s overall performanceis gross national product (GNP), which aggregates the market value of all goods and direct services produced during the year.Production costs (wages, rent, interest, depreciation, managerial profits, and taxes) that are incorporated into consumer pricesconstitute an income stream that corresponds to GNP.The size of the GNP reflects the level of employment, another important macroeconomic aggregate. The level ofemployment is dependent on aggregate demand, which consists of the consumption demands of households and businesses.Macroeconomic aggregates are thus critically linked to the microeconomic decisions made in the household and businesssectors of the economy. A major concern of macroeconomics is the influence of the government and the central bank on theaggregate demand through implementation of fiscal policy and monetary policy respectively.
47. The phrase “compatible with” in paragraph two is closest in meaning to:
(A) gets along with
(B) similar to
(C) suitable for
(D) in excess of

參考答案

答案：C
難度：適中0.568182
統計：A(6),B(9),C(25),D(2),E(0)

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