問題詳情
阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题老子其人其书的时代,自司马迁《史记》以来只有异说,清代学者崇尚考据,对此议论纷纷,如汪中作《老子考异》,力主老子为战国时人,益启争端。钱穆先生说:“老子伪迹不彰,真相大白,则先秦诸子学术思想之系统条贯始终不明,其源流派别终无可言.”大家都期待这个问题有新的解决线索.过去对于古书真伪及年代的讨论,只能以材料证明纸上材料,没有其它的衡量标准,因而难有定论。用来印证《老子》的古书,大多收到辨伪家的怀疑,年代确不可移的,恐怕要数到《林非子》。《吕氏春秋》和《淮南子》,但这几木书戍书太晚,没有多少作用.近年战国秦汉简帛侠籍大黄出上,为学术界提供了许多前所未见的地下材料,这使我们有可能重新考虑《老子》的时代问题。1973牛长沙马王堆三亏汉基出土的串书,内有《老子》两种版本,甲本字体比较早,不避汉高祖讳,应抄写于高祖即帝位前,乙本避高祖讳,可以抄写于文帝初。这两本《老子》抄写年代都晚,无益于《老子》著作年代的推定,但乙本前面有《黄帝书》四篇,系。黄”、“老”合抄之本,则从根本上改变了学术界对早期道家的认识。郭沐若先生曾指出,道家都是以“发明黄老道德意”为其指归,故也可称之为黄老学派.《老子》和《黄帝书》是道家的经典,在汉初被妙写在《老子》前面的《黄帝书》显然在当时公众心目中已据有崇高位置,不会是刚刚撰就的作品。同时,《黄帝书》与《申子》、《慎子》、《韩非子》等有许多共通文句,而申不害、慎到、韩非二人均曾学黄老之术,这些共通之处可认作对《皇帝书》的引用阐发。申不害和慎到的年代,前人推为战国中期,《皇帝书》不应更晚。至于《皇帝书》与《老子》的共通之处也甚多,入《皇帝书•经法》篇云“王天下者有玄德”,什么是“玄德。”文中未见解释,查《老子》五十一章:“生而不有,为而不持,长而不宰,之谓玄德。”帛书所讲“玄德”显然由此而来。此例甚多,那么为《皇帝书》所称引的《老子》必须再早上一个时期,也就是不会晚于战国时期。古书中有关老子和孔子关系的记述很多,但矛盾和可疑之点不少。进来有陈鼓应先生《老学先于孔学》一文,专门讨论《论语》受《老子》的影响,用以证成“《老子》成书早于《论语》”。如《论语•卫灵公》:“子曰:‘无为而治者,其舜也与?夫何为哉?恭己正南面而已矣。’”“无为而治”是老子的学说,细味孔子的话,是讲唯有舜称得其无为而治,很像是针对已有的学说而发,《论语•宪问》:“或曰:‘以德报怨,何如?’子曰:‘何以报德?以直报怨,以德报德。’”朱熹指出:“或人所称今见《老子》书。”因此这一条是《论语》引用《老子》的铁证,而且是对《老子》的批评。从这些情形来看,古书所记老子长于孔子,可以认为是确实可信的。(摘编自李学勤《<老子>的年代》)
1.下面关于作者写作本文的原因的表述,不符合原文意思的一项是
(A)从司马迁《史记》开始,关于老子和《老子》一书的时代问题就有不痛说法。清代汪中作《老子考异0》以后,学者们更加纷争不已。
(B)钱穆说过:如果老子其他人说的时代不明,那么先秦诸子学术思想的联系和发展就无法弄清,《老子》和道家的源流、派别也无从谈起。
(C)以前用来印证《老子》的古书,大多本身就被人指为伪书。《韩非子》、《吕氏春秋》等虽然年代确凿无疑,但是成书太晚,也无济于事。
(D)近年来战国秦汉简帛文献大量出士,给学术界提供了许多纸上材料以外的东西,这使得老子和《老子》一书的时代问题有了解决的可能。
1.下面关于作者写作本文的原因的表述,不符合原文意思的一项是
(A)从司马迁《史记》开始,关于老子和《老子》一书的时代问题就有不痛说法。清代汪中作《老子考异0》以后,学者们更加纷争不已。
(B)钱穆说过:如果老子其他人说的时代不明,那么先秦诸子学术思想的联系和发展就无法弄清,《老子》和道家的源流、派别也无从谈起。
(C)以前用来印证《老子》的古书,大多本身就被人指为伪书。《韩非子》、《吕氏春秋》等虽然年代确凿无疑,但是成书太晚,也无济于事。
(D)近年来战国秦汉简帛文献大量出士,给学术界提供了许多纸上材料以外的东西,这使得老子和《老子》一书的时代问题有了解决的可能。
參考答案
答案:D
難度:適中0.5
統計:A(0),B(0),C(0),D(0),E(0)
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