問題詳情

IV. Discourse Analysis: 10%    Powerful computers will reshape humanity’s future. How can we ensure the promise outweighs theperils? “ 31 ,” Stephen Hawking warns. Elon Musk fears that the development of artificialintelligence, or AI, may be the biggest existential threat humanity faces. Bill Gates urges people tobeware of it. With supercomputers in every pocket and robots looking down on every battlefield, justdismissing them as science fiction seems like self-deception. The question is how to worry wisely.    The first step is to understand what computers can now do and what they are likely to be able to doin the future. Thanks to the rise in processing power and the growing abundance of digitally availabledata, AI is enjoying a boom in its capabilities. Think of chess, which computers now play better thanany person. The best players in the world are not machines however, but what Garry Kasparov, agrandmaster, calls “centaurs”: amalgamated teams of humans and algorithms. 32 : supported by AI,doctors will have a vastly augmented ability to spot cancers in medical images; digital assistants willsuggest promising hypotheses for academic research; image-classification algorithms will allowwearable computers to layer useful information onto people’s views of the real world.    Even in the short run, not all the consequences will be positive. Consider, for instance, the powerthat AI brings to the apparatus of state security, in both autocracies and democracies. The capacity tomonitor billions of conversations and to pick out every citizen from the crowd by his voice or her faceposes grave threats to liberty. 33 . It is feared that workers are doomed to dislocations.     34 . Their concern is altogether more distant and more apocalyptic: the threat of autonomousmachines with superhuman cognitive capacity and interests that conflict with those of Homo sapiens. Acar that drives itself better than its owner sounds like a boon; a car with its own ideas about where to go,less so.    But even if the prospect of what Mr. Hawking calls “full” AI is still distant, it is prudent forsocieties to plan for concrete ways to develop AI safely. Just as armies need civilian oversight, marketsare regulated and bureaucracies must be transparent and accountable, so AI systems must be open toscrutiny. From the nuclear bomb to traffic rules, mankind has used technical ingenuity and legalstrictures to constrain other powerful innovations. The spectre of eventually creating an autonomousnon-human intelligence is so extraordinary that it risks overshadowing the debate. 35 . 
(A) Yes, there are perils; however, they should not obscure the huge benefits from the dawn of AI. 
(B) Such collectives will become the norm in all sorts of pursuits 
(C) The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race 
(D) Surveillance and dislocations are not, though, what worry Messrs Hawking, Musk and Gates, or what inspirea phalanx of futuristic AI films that Hollywood has recently unleashed onto cinema screens. 
(E) Besides, even when there are broad gains for society, many individuals will lose out from AI, which willprobably turf out whole regiments of white-collar workers.
31

參考答案

答案：C
難度：適中0.5
統計：A(0),B(1),C(2),D(1),E(0)

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