問題詳情

Most areas of the world have aboriginal people. Aborigines are the original inhabitants of a region who have been there from the earliest known times. Wherever aborigines are from, new immigrants often overwhelmed aboriginal cultures with technology, more modern weapons, and great numbers of immigrants.In Taiwan, the government lists 14 major groupings as "tribes." However, scholars maintain that these 14 groupings do not reflect any social entities or self-identified alliances dating from pre-modern Taiwan. The earliest detailed records describe the aborigines as living in independent villages of varying size. Among these villages there was frequent trade, intermarriage, warfare and alliances against common enemies. Anthropologists have grouped these villages into more than 20 broad ethnic groupings which were never united under a common polity, kingdom or "tribe."In some cases, groups of aborigines resisted colonial influence, but other groups and individuals readily aligned with the colonial powers. This alignment could be leveraged to achieve personal or collective economic gain, collective power over neighboring villages or freedom from unfavorable societal customs and taboos. The process of acculturation and assimilation followed gradually.Several factors encouraged the assimilation of the Pingpu, the western plains tribes. Possession of a Han surname could confer a broad range of economic and social benefits upon aborigines. The continuing increase in the number of Han Chinese in Taiwan led to continued social unrest, the piecemeal transfer (by various means) of large amounts of land from the aborigines to the Han, and the nearly complete acculturation of the Western Plains aborigines to Taiwanese Han customs.Until the latter half of the Japanese colonial era the Mountain tribes were not entirely governed by any non-tribal polity. However, the mid-1930s marked a shift in the intercultural dynamic, as the Japanese began to play a far more dominant role in the culture of the Highland groups. At times the foreign powers were accepted readily, as some tribes adopted foreign clothing styles and cultural practices and engaged in cooperative trade in goods such as camphor, deer hides, sugar, tea and rice. At numerous other times changes from the outside world were forcibly imposed. Aborigines who wished to improve their status looked to education rather than headhunting as the new form of power. The Japanese encouraged aborigines to maintain traditional costumes and cultural customs that were not considered detrimental to society. Many older aborigines maintained an admiration for the Japanese long after their departure in 1945.
36.What do scholars say about the identification of aboriginal tribes?
(A) There are 14 distinct tribes which are clearly defined.
(B) The aboriginals did not group themselves into tribes.
(C) The aboriginals were united under one chief at one time.
(D) The aboriginals all share a common culture.

參考答案

答案：B
難度：困難0.222222
統計：A(6),B(2),C(1),D(0),E(0)

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