問題詳情

Questions 40-50Industrialization came to the United State after 1790 as North American entrepreneursincreased producuvity by reorganizing work and building factories. These innovationsin manufacturing boosted output and living standards to an unprecedented extent; theaverage per capita wealth increased by nearly 1 percent per year—30 percent over(5) the course of a generation. Goods that had once been luxury items became part ofeveryday life.The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from the way in which workers madegoods, since the 1790's, North American entrepreneurs—even without technologicalimprovements—had broadened the scope of the outwork system that mace manufacturing(10) more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each performed asingle step of the production process. For example, during the 1820's and 1830's the shoeindustry greatly expanded the scale and extend of me outwork system. Tens of thousandsof rural women, paid according to the amount they produced, fabricated the "uppers" ofshoes, which were bound to the soles by wage-earning journeymen shoemakers in dozens(15) of massachusetts towns, whereas previously journeymen would have made the enureshoe. This system of production made the employer a powerful "shoe boss" and erodedworkers' control over the pace and conditions of labor. However, it also dramaticallyincreased the output of shoes while cutting their price.For tasks that were not suited to the outwork system, entrepreneurs created an even(20) more important new organization, the modem factory, which used power-driven machinesand assembly-line techniques to turn out large quantities of well-made goods. As earlyas 1782 the prolific Delaware inventor Oliver Evans had buiit a highly automated,laborsaving flour mill driven by water power. His machinery lifted the grain to the top ofthe mill, cleaned it as it fell into containers known as hoppers, ground the grain into flour,(25) and then conveyed the flour back to the top of the mill to allow it to cool as it desendedinto barrels. Subsequently, manufacturers made use of new improved stationary steamengines to power their mills. This new technology enabled them to build factories in thenation's largest cities, taking advantage of urban concentrations of inexpensive labor,good transportation networks, and eager customers.
40. What is the passage mainly about?
(A)The difficulties of industrialization in NorthAmerica
(B)The influence of changes in manufacturingon the growth of urban centers
(C) The rapid speed of industrialization inNorth America
(D) Improved ways of organizing themanufacturing of goods

參考答案

答案：D
難度：困難0.285714
統計：A(0),B(2),C(3),D(2),E(0)

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