問題詳情

四、閱讀測驗Much of the theory of manners was formulated by the sociologist Norbert Elias in his book, TheCivilizing Process. Elias notes that medieval culture initially gave powerful men the ability to act likechildren—to live without any physical or psychic restraints. Over a span of several centuries, beginningin the 11th or 12th and maturing in the 17th and 18th, Europeans increasingly inhibited their impulses,anticipated the long-term consequences of their actions, and took other people’s thoughts and feelingsinto consideration. A culture of honor—the readiness to take revenge—gave way to a culture ofdignity—the readiness to control one’s emotions.thIn the 16 century, the great Erasmus penned the first etiquette book—The Handbook of GoodManners for Children. Several other writers also published similar guidebooks. The books includedsuch rules as: Don’t urinate in the hallway; don’t use the tablecloth to blow your nose; don’t use yourpersonal knife to pop food into your mouth, etc. Interestingly, those rules had less to do with goodhygiene than we might imagine. An understanding of microbes and infection did not arrive until wellinto the 19th century. The only explicit rationales stated in those books are to avoid acting like an animaland to avoid offending others.This civilizing process was long and slow. King David I of Scotland proposed that citizens wholearned to eat more properly should get a tax refund. Disappointingly, that idea never caught on. Themuch-traveled Thomas Coryat introduced the table fork to Britain. When he returned from Italy in1608 with this fancy novelty, he met with a torrent of ridicule. But that idea did eventually catch on.And a quarter of a century later, the table fork reached America.
36. Which statement in the following best expresses the main point of the passage?
(A) Erasmus was extremely disappointed with people’s ill manners.
(B) Family dinner is a great time for parents to teach good manners.
(C) Formulating theories is one of the important jobs of a sociologist.
(D) It took hundreds of years for Western people to develop etiquette rules.

參考答案

答案：D
難度：適中0.5
統計：A(1),B(0),C(1),D(2),E(0)

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