請依下文回答第 41 題至第 45 題：
     Who owns the seas has always been a difficult concept. In 1945, President Truman extended U.S. jurisdiction to theend of its continental shelf. The continuation of the land mass underwater until it drops down to the ocean floor. Thenthe U.S. built the world's first off shore oil platform out of sight of land in the Gulf of Mexico in 1947, 10 and a halfmiles off the Louisiana coast. That started a race to claim oceanic resources. This   41    a lot of countries clashingover their perceived rights. For example, the UK and Iceland had no less than three disputes known as "Cod Wars" overthe fish in   42    are now Icelandic waters.
     To mediate these disputes, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea or UNCLOS was drawn up andcame into force in 1994. It carved up maritime territory into four main sections, typically   43   from the low waterline on a nation's shores. Within the territorial waters, a state can regulate use and has ownership over any resourcesfound within. Foreign states can sail through but they have to   44    the nation's laws. Within the contiguous zone, astate can continue to enforce laws in four specific areas, customs, taxation, immigration and pollution. Within theexclusive economic zone, the state has the sole rights over natural resources but foreign states may sail through, layunderwater cables and even pass through for military reasons. And on the continental shelf, a state has the rights toresources in the subsoil of the continental shelf but not the water column above   45    it is beyond the EEZ. Although 168 parties have ratified UNCLOS, it has far from resolved maritime territory disputes.
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(A) crosses out
(B) sets off
(C) leads to
(D) results from