問題詳情
6.二、文言文阅读(22分。其中,选择题12分,每小题3分;翻译题10分)阅读下面的文言文,完成6~10题。诸葛孔明 陈亮孔明,伊、周之徒也。而论之者多异说,以其遭时之难,而处英雄之不幸也。夫众人皆进,而我独退,雍容草庐,三顾后起。挺身托孤,不放不摄,而人无间言。权倡人主而上不疑,势倾群臣而下不忌。厉精治蜀,风化肃然。宥过无大刑故无小帝者之政也以佚道使人虽劳不想以生道杀人虽死不怨杀者王者之事也。孔明皆优为之,信其为伊、周之徒也。而论者乃谓其自比管、乐,委身偏方,特霸者之臣尔。是何足与论孔子之仕鲁与自比老、彭哉!甚者至以为非仲达敌,此无异于儿童之见也。彼岂非以仲达之言而信之耶?而不知其言皆谲也。仲达不能逞其谲于孔明,故常伺孔明之开阖,妄为大言以谲其下。论者特未之察耳。始孔明出祁山,仲迭出兵拒之,闻孔明将芟上邦之麦,卷甲疾行,晨夜往赴。孔明粮乏已退,仲达谲言日:“吾倍道疲劳,此晓兵者之所贪也。亮不敢据渭水,此易与耳。”夫军无见粮而转军与战,纵能胜之,后何以继?此少辩事机者之所必不为也。仲达心知其然,外为失言以谲其下耳。已而孔明出斜谷,仲达又率兵拒之。知孔明兵未逼渭,引军而济,背水为垒。孔明移军且至,仲达谲言曰:“亮若勇者,当出武功依山而阵。若西上五丈原,诸军无事矣。”夫敌人之兵已在死地,而率众直进,来与之战,此亦少辨事机者之所不为也。仲达知其必不出此,姑诳为此言以妄表其怯,以示吾之能料,且以少安其三军之心也。故孔明持节制之师,不用权谲,不贪小利,彼则曰:“亮志大而不见机,多谋而少决,好兵而无权。”凡此者,皆伺孔明之开阖,妄为大言以谲其下,此岂其真情也!夫善观人之真情者,不于敌存之时,而于敌亡之后。孔明之存也,仲这之言则然。及其殁也,仲达按行其营垒,敛衽而叹曰:“天下奇才也!”彼见其规矩法度,出于其所不能为,恍然自失,不觉其言之发也。可以观其真情矣。论者不此之信,而信其谲,岂非复为仲达所谲哉!唐李靖,谈兵之雄者也。吾尝读其问对之书,见其述孔明兵制之妙,曲折备至;曾不一齿仲达。彼晓兵者,固有以窥之矣。书生之论,曷为其不然也!孔明距今且千栽矣,未有能谅其心者。吾愤孔明之不幸,故备论之,使世以成败论人物者共少戒也。(选自《陈亮集》,中华书局1974年版)对下列句子中加点的词的解释,不正确的一项是
(A).甚者至以为非仲达敌 敌:敌人
(B).故常伺孔明之开阖 伺:窥探
(C).仲达出兵拒之 拒:抵御
(D).夫军无见粮而转军与战 见:现成的
(A).甚者至以为非仲达敌 敌:敌人
(B).故常伺孔明之开阖 伺:窥探
(C).仲达出兵拒之 拒:抵御
(D).夫军无见粮而转军与战 见:现成的
參考答案
答案:A
難度:非常困難0
統計:A(0),B(0),C(0),D(0),E(0)
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