1. 請考生依據國三生程度, 將本文改寫為一篇約 250 字的短文, 並出五題包含每題 4 個選項的單選克漏字測驗題 ( 20 % )Almost all children and young people have to cope with bullying in one form oranother during their school days, however, there are many types of bullying and someare easier to cope with than others. Bullying can range from teasing to name calling,from spreading nasty rumors about someone to threats of intimidation or actualphysical aggression. There is always a fine line between some of these behaviors.What’s considered gentle teasing to one child might appear as intimidation to another.Also, the effects of bullying may vary according to the personality and strengths ofthe “victim”. Many young people have to suffer some form of teasing and namecalling, for example, on the school bus in the morning--- however, some will find this9more difficult to deal with than others.There is no doubt that for some children and young people, that bullying,however defined, represents the most stressful experience of their lives. Some fear itso much that they refuse to go to school or find excuses to avoid situations wherebullying can occur. At the most extreme level bullying can, on rare occasions, lead toa suicide attempt. This is why it has to be taken very seriously indeed. Of course, wehave to be clear that some forms of bullying are likely to have worse consequencesthan others. Children have to accept a certain level of teasing, and parents will need toprovide support so that the child can deal with this. However, bullying to the extent ofbeing physically threatened or continually taunted is very distressing and should notbe tolerated.Clearly, some children and young people are more likely to be the victims ofbullying than others. Those with an obvious physical characteristic, such as beingoverweight, can become targets of bullying, as can those with some form of disability.Those who are shy or different, or who find it hard to stand up for themselves mayalso be vulnerable. Yet, it is worthwhile remembering that institutions such as schools,prisons and other residential environments can do an enormous amount to reducebullying, so that in some places even the most vulnerable will be protected. Bullyingis not inevitable. One of the problems for victims of bullying is that very often suchindividuals feel ashamed of what is happening and blame themselves. It is here thatfriends and important adults have such a key role to play. Victims of bullying needsupport to see that it is not their fault. They are not to blame, and something can bedone to help them.When bullying occurs most of the attention is focused, not surprisingly, on thevictim. We do need to pay attention to the bully as well. Not all bullies are the same;research has shown that there are differences between the ringleaders, the “henchmen”and the silent observers. For adults who work with young people it is sometimesuseful to distinguish between these groups and to target any interventions with thosewho have the most influence on the bullying behavior. Bullies are often people whohave been bullied themselves, and may therefore be vulnerable and angry. A lot can bedone to help such young people deal with their pain and avoid bullying others. Mostpeople assume that bullying happens exclusively in the school setting. Since this iswhere children and young people spend a good deal of their time, it is understandablethat this is the focus of our thinking, but it is essential to remember that bullying canoccur in other places as well. Individuals can be bullied in the home, possibly by anolder sibling or by a step-brother or sister. As I have noted above, prisons and otherresidential settings are also places where bullying is common. When thinking aboutbullying, adults do need to keep in mind that it can occur anywhere, not just in school.10Adults can do an enormous amount to help, although sometimes it is difficult to beclear how to proceed. Firstly, if your child is showing signs of stress and you are notsure what’s going on, be aware that bullying may be one possible cause. Secondly,you should know that all schools are required to have an anti-bullying strategy inplace. As a parent, you can find out if this is working; and if not, get support fromother parents to insist that it does. Thirdly, if you do find out that your child is beingbullied, offer your help, but be sensitive to their needs too. Simply rushing in to theschool and demanding action from the Head is not necessarily the best tactic.Young people will be very anxious about any move a parent might make, andwill often fear reprisals from the bullies or their friends if any action is taken by theschool. The best thing to do is to talk things over with the child or young person andplan a strategy that suits them. This may involve getting support from friends or otherparents. It may involve a quick talk with a trusted teacher. It may even involvethinking about a change of school. The most important thing of all is for a parent tooffer support to the child in a way that feels right for them. [!--empirenews.page--]