問題詳情

In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management,developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that peopleinstinctively 31 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyonehas the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 32 , many managers still agree to TheoryX. They believe, 33 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to workeffectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 34 without consultation. This, ofcourse, makes for authoritarian managers.Different cultures have different ways of 35 people. Unlike authoritarianmanagement, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature ofdecision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 36 tothis process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies havetried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 37 . Someexperts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have thepower to reach common goals in a way that traditional 38 managers cannot.4A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to makedecisions on their own without 39 managers first. This empowerment has been part ofthe trend towards downsizing: 40 the number of management layers in companies.After de-layering in this way, a company may be 41 with just a top level of seniormanagers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public.Empowerment takes the idea of delegation much further than has 42 been the case.Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 43 that theoverall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under thenew organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 44 management, where teams of people linked by e-mailand the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the45 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than theamount of time they spend on them.
31.
(A) desire
(B) seek
(C) lose
(D) dislike

參考答案

答案：D
難度：適中0.5
統計：A(0),B(0),C(0),D(0),E(0)

內容推薦

內容推薦