四 、 篇章結構 （ 占 1 0 分 ） 第 31 至 35 題為題組    Starting a business on one’s own can be quite challenging and costly. To reduce the risks involved instarting a business from scratch, many people buy a franchise instead. 31 Under the license, theindividual acquires the right to use the big company’s brand name and agrees to sell its products.    The concept of the franchise dates back to the 19th century in the U.S. 32 Then, in the 1930s,Howard Johnson restaurants skyrocketed in popularity, paving the way for restaurant chains and thesubsequent franchises that would define the unprecedented rise of the American fast-food industry.    There are many advantages to investing in a franchise. One of the benefits is the ready-made businessoperation. 33 Depending on the franchise, the franchisor company may offer support in training andfinancial planning. Some even provide assistance with approved suppliers. To new business owners, themost recognized advantage of a franchise is perhaps the well-established brand name of the franchisor suchas that of McDonald’s. 34    Disadvantages include heavy start-up costs as well as ongoing royalty costs on the part of thefranchisee. To take the McDonald’s example further, the estimated minimum cost for a franchisee to starta McDonald’s is US$500,000. And it has to pay an annual fee equivalent to 12% of its sales to McDonald’s.35 Other disadvantages include lack of territory control or creativity with one’s own business. 
(A) Whether a franchise is profitable or not depends largely on the nature of the business. 
(B) Research has shown that customers tend to choose a brand they recognize over one they don’t. 
(C) A franchise comes with a built-in business formula including products, services, and evenemployee uniforms. 
(D) Moreover, the franchisee is given no right to renew or extend the franchise after the term of thecontract. 
(E) The most famous example was Isaac Singer, who created franchises to distribute his sewingmachines to larger areas. (F) A franchise is a license issued by a large, usually well-known, company to an individual or a smallbusiness owner.
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