問題詳情

IV. Reading Comprehension 10% (2% for each)       Psychologistshave long noticed that birth order generally creates certainpersonality traits. They have stated that the one who was born firstin a family usually developed leadership tendencies early in life.This is mainly because these people are given the duty of lookingafter younger siblings by their parents. The danger is that if theolder sibling takes that role to an extreme, he or she can become abossy adult. Studies of nearly 3.000 people done by Walter Toman atBrandeis University have found that firstborn children are usuallythe most strongly motivated toward achievement. This is mainly aresult of parental expectations. This and other studies also suggestthat firstborn children generally become more conservative than theirsiblings as they are more likely to move toward such leadershipprofessions, such as teaching and politics. However, they tend to beless social and flexible because they became accustomed to actingalone in their very early years. Thus, they many have difficultymaking close friends.     Bycontrast, later born children are more likely to be relaxed andeasygoing because their parents were more relaxed when they wereborn. However, these later born children are often less ambitious andfeel uncomfortable making decisions for others. Therefore, they willusually find work that fits this kind of personality, such asmusicians, artists, or writers. Later born children often make goodsalespeople since persuasion may have been the only tool they had tofight against the power of the eldest. Younger children tend toremain forever “the baby.” They are enjoyable to be around, butthey can become overdependent on others. Even though birth order isclearly only one of the many factors that affect development, itsinfluence should not be ignored. Another psychologist, Lucille Forer,once said that when people could finally understand how their birthorder caused them to react, they would not find change sothreatening. An understanding of birth order can sometimes help amarriage work better. Not long ago, Dr. Forer was working with awoman who was so dominant that her marriage was in trouble. Dr. Forersaid that not until the woman understood her tendencies could shebegin to modify her behaviour. Maida Webster, a family therapist inConnecticut, recently held a workshop called “Birth Order Factor.”She mentioned a couple who complained bitterly about each other. Theproblem was that neither of them was willing to take over theleadership role in their marriage. When it was pointed out that thiswas probably because each had been a younger sibling, they began tounderstand the problem.     “Isthere an ideal combination for marriage?” Ms. Webster was asked.Both at work and in personal relationships, she said, people seem toget along best when they repeat the patterns of childhood, whichmeans that it helps to marry someone who was born in a differentbirth order from you. In contrast, two people who have the same birthorder can expect conflict.

      “ISthere any best position in the birth order?” asked another person.Ms. Webster said no, that there were advantages and disadvantages toevery position. However, she went on to say that by recognizingtendencies, we can enhance opportunities to make the most of goodtraits and minimize bad ones.  


51. What does this article mainly deal with?
(A) the relationship between birth order and personality
(B) advantages and disadvantages of birth order
(C) the importance of birth order
(D) birth order helps sort out problems

參考答案

答案：[無官方正解]
難度：適中0.5
統計：A(0),B(0),C(0),D(0),E(0)

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