問題詳情

Questions 44-50As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the UnitedStates increased The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americanslived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economicline life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling(5) increasingly important for economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schoolswere viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants into Americansociety.The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turnof the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal(10) schooling. By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in moststates, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools,extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended theinfluence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the largerindustrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes for adult immigrants were(15) sponsored by public schools, corporations, unions, churches, settlement houses, andother agencies.Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs shouldsuit the needs of specific populations. Immigrant women were one such population.Schools tried to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the(20) urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate forwomen was the home.Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women,American education gave homemaking a new definition. In preindustrial economies,homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it(25) commonly included income-producing activities both inside and outside the home,in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States, however,overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem. Thus, the ideal Americanhomemaker was viewed as a consumer rather than a producer. Schools trained womento be consumer homemakers cooking, shopping, decorating, and caring for children(30) "efficiently" in their own homes, or if economic necessity demanded, as employeesin the homes of others. Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quiteout-of-date.
44. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that oneimportant factor in the increasing importanceof education in the United States was
(A) the growing number of schools in frontiercommunities
(B) an increase in the number of trainedteachers
(C) the expanding economic problems ofschools
(D) the increased urbanization of the entirecountry

參考答案

答案：D
難度：非常困難0
統計：A(0),B(0),C(0),D(0),E(0)

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