問題詳情

Passage 3    For centuries, researchers have been investigating how the human brain produces andcomprehends human languages. According to ancient Greeks, injuries to the head could affectlanguage use, which refers to the term aphasia, meaning language problems associated with a headinjury. The best way to examine language in the brain was by checking injuries to the head or brainand pinpointing their location and then examining the type of language impairment, through a postmortem examination of a patient’s brain. Much of the brain damage in senior people was theresult of strokes, whereas in younger people the damage was often caused by a trauma. Amongvictims, as many people know, a stroke in the right side of the brain affects the left side of the bodyand vice versa. Through studying brain injuries, human language is much more present in the lefthemisphere than in the right. Interestingly, bilingual patients with head injuries show that sometimesone language is affected while the other is not, which illustrates how brain stores language.    Paul Broca, a French surgeon, discovered that speech production was hampered by injuries tothe left frontal cortex. Patients with injuries to the left frontal cortex can frequently comprehendlanguage well but are unable to produce much speech. This area of the brain has been called Broca’sarea. People suffering from speech loss due to injury there have Broca’s aphasia.   The opposite type of injury also occurs, in which a patient can produce words that sound normalbut is difficult to comprehend speech. Usually the words are mixed together, which really makes nosense. This region of brain becomes known as Wernicke’s area, named after Karl Wernicke, aGerman doctor who found the correlation between comprehension difficulties and this area of thebrain in the 1870s.    Obviously, language production and comprehension are correlated with each other. There is abundle of nerves called the arcuate fasciculus that connects Broca’s area to Wernicke’s area. Whenthe arcuate fasciculus is injured, the resulting aphasia is called conductive aphasia. Patients with theinjury usually have good comprehension of language and can speak well. But their speech is mixedwith unnatural stops and pauses.
46. What is the best title of this article?
(A) Language Loss and the Brain
(B) How the Brain Functions with Language Acquisition
(C) What the German and French Discovered about Brains
(D) Brain Trauma and Examination

參考答案

答案：A
難度：非常困難0
統計：A(0),B(2),C(0),D(0),E(0)

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