問題詳情
*讀完此文後,請回答第第32題*我手邊還留著些中學時代的課本,有時翻看幾眼,會重新回到三十多年的課堂上――而我經常回去造訪的,是高二時魏開瑜先生的國文課。除了教國文,魏先生好像還是位開業的中醫師。這溫柔敦厚的謙謙君子,偶爾上課的時候會說兩句笑話,乍聽誰都笑不出來,因為沒人相信他居然會說笑話。有回說到「乖」這個字。他說:「這是個很不乖的字。」最早在易經裡,有「家道窮,必乖。」的說法,從這開出來的解釋,「乖」字都有「悖離」、「違背」、「差異」、「反常」、「不順利」、「不如意」的意思。魏先生在課堂說到此處,大約是想起要引用什麼有韻味的文字,便開始搖頭晃腦地醞釀起情緒來。過了片刻,吟唸了一段話:「故水至清則無魚,政至察則眾乖,此自然之勢也。」吟罷之後,又用他那濃重的福州腔國語說了一大套,大意是說:這一段話原本是從禮記裡變化出來的,可是禮記的原文是「水至清則無魚,人至察則無徒。」前一句完全一樣,後一句怎麼差這麼多?「『人至察則無徒』和『政至察則眾乖』是一樣的嗎?」魏先生從老花眼鏡上方瞪圓了眼睛問:「你考察女朋友考察得很精細,是會讓她跑掉呢?還是會讓她變乖呢?」我記得全班安靜了好半晌,才猛可爆起一震驚雷也似的呼聲:「變――乖!」「那麼你女朋友考察你考察得很精細,是會讓你跑掉呢?還是會讓你變乖呢?」我們毫不遲疑地吼了第二聲:「跑――掉!」「你們太不瞭解這個『乖』字啦!」魏先生笑了起來。接著才告訴我們:主導政治的人查察人民太苛細,是會讓人民流離出奔的;「乖」就是「背棄而遠離」之意;「無徒」是人民背棄遠離,「眾乖」也一樣。至於男女朋友,不管誰查察誰,恐怕也都會招致同樣的結果。在我的國文課本的空白處於是留下這樣一句怪話:「誰察你你就乖」。有人解釋唐代李廓的上令狐社人詩:「宿客嫌吟苦,乖童恨睡遲。」說「乖」字是聰明機伶甚至是馴服的意思,我不認為乖字有這麼早就變乖。就各種文獻資料比對,起碼到了王實甫的西廂記裡,「乖性兒」 指的還是壞脾氣呢。此外在元人的戲曲之中,表示機靈的「乖覺」這樣的字眼才剛剛誕生。馮夢龍形容愛人為「乖親」,也是明朝的事了。這個字之所以到了近代會有一百八十度的轉變,我認為是從一代又一代的父母對孩子的「悖離」、「違背」之無奈歎息而來。當父母抱著好容易鬧睡的孩子歎說「真是乖(壞的意思)啊!」的時候,其實是充滿了疲累、怨懟、和無奈的。然而,孩子畢竟還是睡著了。不是嗎?抱怨的意義也就變得令人迷惑了。張容對他媽媽最新的承諾是這樣的:「到母親節那一天,我會表現得乖一點。」他的妹妹及時察覺這話很不尋常、且牽涉到她的權益,馬上嚴肅地問她哥:「我也需要這樣嗎?」張大春 認得幾個字˙乖
31( )下列何者的「乖」,最接近「懂事、聽話」的涵義?
(A)誰察你你就乖
(B)家道窮,必乖
(C)乖覺
(D)乖性兒
31( )下列何者的「乖」,最接近「懂事、聽話」的涵義?
(A)誰察你你就乖
(B)家道窮,必乖
(C)乖覺
(D)乖性兒
參考答案
答案:C
難度:困難0.25
統計:A(2),B(1),C(1),D(0),E(0)
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