問題詳情


(B) Doctor of Philosophy, usually abbreviated as PhD or Ph.
(D), is an advanced academic degreeawarded by universities. The first Doctor of Philosophy degree was awarded in Paris in 1150, but___20___ the degree acquired its modern status. For most of history, even a bachelor’s degree at auniversity was exclusively for a select few, and many academic staff did not hold doctorates. But ashigher education expanded after the Second World War, the number of PhDs increased ___21___.American universities geared up first: By 1970, America was graduating half of the world’s PhDs inscience and technology. Since then, America’s annual output of PhDs has doubled, to 64,000. Othercountries are catching up. Even Japan, where the number of young people is shrinking, has ___22___about 46% more PhDs.     Researchers now warn that the supply of PhDs has far ___23___ demand. America produced morethan 100,000 doctoral degrees between 2005 and 2009, while there were just 16,000 new professorships.Even so, nowadays top universities around the world are still picking bright students and ___24___ themas potential PhDs. After all, it isn’t in their interests to turn the smart students away: The more brightstudents stay at universities, the better it is for academics. But ___25___ the oversupply of PhDs, somepeople have already begun to wonder whether doing a PhD is a good choice for an individual.
20.
(A) not until the early 19th century did
(B) by the early 19th century had
(C) in the course of the early 19th century was
(D) it was not until the early 19th century that

參考答案

答案：D
難度：適中0.5
統計：A(0),B(0),C(0),D(0),E(0)

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