問題詳情

Questions 46-50    Tens of millions of young people who enter the workforce each year could be the key that finallyunlocks India’s vast potential. Millions will be lifted out of poverty if they are able to find good jobs.But unless India makes big improvements in how it educates and trains students, this demographicboom could instead saddle the country with another generation of unskilled workers destined tolanguish in low-paying jobs.    The need to train workers up is paramount. Currently only 2% of India’s workers have receivedformal skills training, according to Ernst & Young. That compares with 68% in the U.K., 75% inGermany and 96% in South Korea. It is a problem spreading across industries. The Royal Institutionof Chartered Surveyors estimates that in 2010, India needed nearly 4 million civil engineers, but only509,000 professionals had the right skills for the jobs. By 2020, India will have only 778,000 civilengineers for 4.6 million slots. There is a similar gap among architects. India will have only 17% ofthe 427,000 professionals it needs in 2020.    What caused the problem? The RICS found that India’s education and professional developmentsystem has not kept pace with economic growth and is in “dire need for reform.” In industry afterindustry, the same story is repeated. A recent survey by Aspiring Minds, which tracks workforcepreparedness, found that more than 80% of India’s engineering graduates in 2015 were“unemployable.” Critics say that India’s universities are too focused on rote memorization, leavingstudents without the critical thinking skills required to solve problems. Teachers are paid low salaries,leading to poor quality of instruction. When students are denied entry to prestigious state schools,they often turn to less rigorous private colleges. “When IT industries boomed in India a few yearsago, many below-the-mark private colleges emerged to cater to their needs,” said Alakh N. Sharma,director at the Institute for Human Development.    Prime Minister Narendra Modi is racing to provide workers with training. His government isrecruiting skills instructors, and turning old schools into learning centers. Programs strewn acrossvarious government agencies are being consolidated. Companies in the private sector are pitching into help provide training. The most pressing need, however, might be in primary education. Pupils inIndia are expected to perform two-digit subtraction by the age of seven, but only 50% are able tocorrectly count up to 100. Only 30% of the same students are able to read a text designed for fiveyear-olds, according to education foundation Pathram. If the country’s unique demographics are topay dividends, improvement is a lesson to be learned quickly.
46. Why is there a troubling shortage of skilled workers in India?
(A) Young people are unwilling to enter the workforce because it is not urgent for them to finda job.
(B) 98 % of India’s workers refused to receive formal skills training.
(C) India has suffered from the problems caused by low birth-rates.
(D) India’s education and professional development system has failed to keep pace with theeconomic growth.
(E) Young workers are satisfied with low-paying jobs.

參考答案

答案：D
難度：適中0.5
統計：A(0),B(0),C(0),D(0),E(0)

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