問題詳情

Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Darwin's great work, The Origin of Species, is now generally accepted as one ofthe most important books ever written. But when it first came out in 1859, it wasbitterly criticized by scientists and laymen.Much of the oppositions to The Origin of Species arose from Darwin's claim thatall living creatures, including man, are somehow related. Many people were outraged bythe suggestion that man shared a common ancestor with animals such as apes and monkeys. They attacked Darwin for saying that man has descended from the apes.But Darwin never actually said this. He believed that modern men and modernapes have both descended from the same ancestor. But at some time in pre-history,millions of years ago, men and apes began to develop separately, and ever since havecontinued to take on different characteristics, Today, more than 90 years after Darwin'sdeath, this is the opinion which scientists continue to hold.In his works, Darwin described the possession of life from its earliest forms. Firstcame the invertebrates--creatures without a backbone. The invertebrates evolved intofish; fish into amphibians; amphibians into reptiles, and reptiles into birds andmammals.Fossil remains found after his death show that Darwin was right. Perhaps the mostamazing fact about his theory is that he managed to work it out with the aid of only afew fossil discoveries. Fossil remains were not the only information which we nowpossess but Darwin lacked. He did not know that apes have the same diseases as men;nor that they and men have the same kind of blood. Nor did he know about the modemuses of radiation which enable scientists to tell the age of fossil remains and so estimatethe speed at which evolution has taken place.Lacking all this information, Darwin had to rely on other branches of science. Oneof them was comparative anatomy (解剖学): the science which compares the physicalmake-up of different species. He observed that all vertebrates--amphibians, reptiles,birds and mammals--possess forelimbs which are basically the same. The limbs may beused for swimming, flying, or walking, but they are all built on the same plan. Theycontain one bone in the upper arm, two bones in the forearm, several bones in the wrist,and five bones in the hand with finger joints attached.Darwin marveled at this similarity between such widely differing species. "Whatcan be more curious," he asked, "than the fact that the hand or a man formed forgrasping, that of a mole for digging, the leg of a horse, and the wings of a bat, should allbe constructed on the same pattern?, From-the extraordinary fact, he drew the correctconclusion that different species share the same characteristics because they aredescended from the same ancestor. Then, they took on the separate characteristics whichhelped them most in the straggle to survive in their own local environments.
31. Darwin was bitterly criticized by scientists and laymen because of________.
(A)his close observation of fossils
(B)his lack of convincing evidence
(C)their oppositions to his research
(D)their misunderstanding of his theory

參考答案

答案：B
難度：非常困難0
統計：A(0),B(0),C(0),D(0),E(0)

內容推薦

內容推薦