問題詳情

五、篇章結構(共 8 題，計 16 分) (33~36)     _(33)_.Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced bygenetic inheritance and other biological factors. Nurture is generally takenas the influence of external factors after conception e.g. the product ofexposure, experience and learning on an individual.    _(34)_. Their basic assumption is that the characteristics of thehuman species as a whole are a product of evolution and that individualdifferences are due to each person's unique genetic code. In general, theearlier a particular ability appears, the more likely it is to be under theinfluence of genetic factors. Characteristics and differences notobservable at birth, but emerginglater in life, are regarded as the productof maturation. The classic example of the way this affects our physicaldevelopment is the bodily change that occurs in early adolescence atpuberty. However these researchersalso argue that maturation governsthe emergence of attachment in infancy, language acquisition and evencognitive developmentas a whole.    _(35)_. Their basic assumption is that at birth the human mind is atabula rasa (a blank slate) and that this is gradually “filled” as a result ofexperience. From this point of view psychological characteristics andbehavioral differences that emerge through infancy and childhood arethe result of learning. It is how you are brought up (nurture) that governsthe psychologically significant aspects of child development and theconcept of maturation applies only to the biological. For example, whenan infant forms an attachmentit is responding to the love and attentionit has received, language comes from imitating the speech of others andcognitive development depends on the degree of stimulation in theenvironment and, more broadly, on the civilization within which the childis reared.    _(36)_. There are simply too many “facts” on both sides of theargument which are inconsistent with an “all or nothing” view. So insteadof asking whether child development is down to nature or nurture thequestion has been reformulated as “How much?” That is to say, giventhat heredity and environment both influence the person we become,which is the more important?
(A)At the other end of the spectrum are the environmentalists—alsoknown as empiricists.
(B) In practice hardly anyone today accepts either of the extremepositions.
(C) This nature-nurture debate within psychology is concerned withthe extent to which particular aspects of behavior are a product ofeither inherited (i.e. genetic) or acquired (i.e. learned)characteristics.
(D) Those who adopt an extreme hereditary position are known asnativists.
33

參考答案

答案：C
難度：適中0.5
統計：A(0),B(0),C(0),D(0),E(0)

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