問題詳情

Question 11-21In the North American colonies, red ware, a simple pottery fired at low temperatures, and stoneware, a strong, impervious grey pottery fired at high temperatures, were produced from twodifferent native clays. These kind of pottery were produced to supplement imported Europeanpottery. When the American Revolution (1775-1783) interrupted the flow of the superior European(5) ware, there was incentive for American potters to replace the imports with comparable domesticgoods. Stoneware, which had been simple, utilitarian kitchenware, grew increasingly ornatethroughout the nineteenth century, and in addition to the earlier scratched and drawn designs,three-dimensional molded relief decoration became popular. Representational motifs largelyreplaced the earlier abstract decorations. Birds and flowers were particularly evident, but other(10)subjects---lions, flags, and clipper ships--- are found. Some figurines, mainly of dogs and lions,were made in this medium. Sometimes a name, usually that of the potter, was die-stamped onto apiece.As more and more large kilns were built to create the high-fired stoneware, experiments revealedthat the same clay used to produce low-fired red ware could produce a stronger, paler pottery if(15)fired at a hotter temperature. The result was yellow ware, used largely for serviceable items; but afurther development was Rockingham ware--- one of the most important American ceramics of thenineteenth century. (The name of the ware was probably derived from its resemblance to Englishbrown-glazed earthenware made in South Yorkshire.) It was created by adding a brown glaze tothe fired clay, usually giving the finished product a mottled appearance. Various methods of(20)spattering or sponging the glaze onto the ware account for the extremely wide variations in colorand add to the interest of collecting Rockingham. An advanced form of Rockingham was flintenamel, created by dusting metallic powders onto the Rockingham glaze to produce brilliantvaricolored streaks.Articles for nearly every household activity and ornament could be bought in Rockingham ware:(25)dishes and bowls, of course; also bedpans, foot warmers, cuspidors, lamp bases, doorknobs,molds, picture frames, even curtain tiebacks. All these items are highly collectible today and areeagerly sought. A few Rockingham specialties command particular affection among collectors andcorrespondingly high prices.
11. Why did the potters discussed in the passage change the kind of pottery they made?
(A) They discovered a new kind of clay.
(B) They were compensation for the loss of an overseas supplier.
(C) They studied new techniques in Europe.
(D) The pottery they had been producing was not very strong.

參考答案

答案：B
難度：適中0.5
統計：A(0),B(3),C(1),D(1),E(0)

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