問題詳情

Questions 31-40Ethology is concerned with the study of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and itsEvolutionary history. Ethological theory began to be applied to research on children in the1960’s but has become even more influential today. The origins of ethology can be tracedLine to the work of Darwin. Its modern foundations were laid by two European zoologists,5) Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen.Watching the behaviors diverse animal species in their natural habitats, Lorenz, andTinbergen observed behavior patterns that promote survival. The most well-known of theseis imprinting, the carly following behavior of certain baby birds that ensures that the youngwill stay close to their mother and be fed and protected from danger. Imprinting takes place10) during an early, restricted time period of development. If the mother goose is not presentduring this time, but an object resembling her in important features is, young goslings mayimprint on it instead.Observations of imprinting led to major concept that has been applied in childDevelopment” the critical period. It refers to a limited times span during which the child is15) biologically prepared to acquire certain adaptive behaviors but needs the support of suitablystimulating environment. Many researchers have conducted studies to find out whethercomplex congnitive and social behaviors must be learned during restricted time periods.for example, if children are deprived of adequate food or physical and social stimulationduring the early years of life, will their intelligence be permanently impaired? If language20) is not mastered during the preschool years, is the child’s capacity to acquire it reduced?Inspired by observations of imprinting, in 1969 the British psychoanalyst John Bowlbyapplied ethological theory to the understanding of the relationship between an infant andits parents. He argued that attachment behaviors of babies, such as smiling, babbling,grasping, and crying, are built-in social signals that encourage the parents to approach,25) care for, and interact with the baby. By keeping a parent near, these behaviors help ensurethat the baby will be fed, protected from danger, and provided with the stimulation andaffection necessary for healthy growth. The development of attachment in human infantsis a lengthy process involving changes in psychological structures that lead to a deepaffectional tie between parent and baby.
31.What was Darwin’s contribution to ethology?
(A) Darwin improved on the original principlesof ethology.
(B) Darwin was the professor who taughtLorenz and Tinbergen.
(C) Darwin’s work provided the basis forethology.
(D) Darwin was the first person to applyethological theory to children.

參考答案

答案：C
難度：非常簡單1
統計：A(0),B(0),C(4),D(0),E(0)

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